The managers running the biggest active funds picked stocks that beat the market in 2025 — and most still lagged their benchmark. A Morningstar do-nothing experiment and a body of academic research explain why active funds underperform even when the picking is good: skilled buying undone by poor selling, the hidden cost of trading, and the incentives that keep managers churning. The UK evidence points the same way.
Fifty years ago this week, the first index fund for ordinary investors went on sale and almost nobody bought it. The company behind it had been named two years earlier after a ship in a picture on its founder's wall. The story Vanguard tells about its own beginnings is tidier than what actually happened, and less useful.
Robin Powell
1 day ago4 min read
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